A report from the Willows California Highway Patrol Office explained that the accident last Wednesday involved Sheila A. Rangel, 34; Phyllis Burrows, 49; and 13-year-old Vivian Fred.

The incident took place at 8:55 p.m. Sept. 5, as Rangel was driving her 1995 Dodge Neon northbound on County Road 306 north of Highway 162 at approximately 55 to 60 miles per hour, the report stated.

Due to unsafe speed, the CHP reported that Rangel failed to slow or stop her vehicle before hitting a cow standing in the northbound lane.

After colliding with the cow, the CHP reported that Rangel's Neon went off the roadway and into the west dirt shoulder, where it hit a dirt embankment and rolled over onto its roof.

The Neon continued skidding northbound on its roof in the southbound lane, according to the CHP, before it came to stop on the west shoulder.

Though the cow reportedly didn't survive the collision, Rangel, Burrows and Fred came out much better off, despite the rollover.

CHP reported that Rangel had cuts and Fred was uninjured. Burrows was transported to Enloe Hospital in Chico with cuts to her arms.

All three were wearing their seat belts, the CHP reported.

E-mail Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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Officials investigate the Monday afternoon bus accident. Photo by Harold LaBonte.

LAKEPORT – No injuries resulted from a collision Monday involving a school bus and a Camaro.

Just before 3:30 p.m. the California Highway Patrol reported the collision had taken place on Giselman at Lakeshore Boulevard.

CHP Officer Adam Garcia said the bus, driven by Lakeport Unified School District driver Glenn Courtney, was on Giselman preparing to make a wide right turn onto Lakeshore Boulevard.

The Camaro's driver, who didn't think the bus was turning right, began to make a right turn on the inside of the bus, said Garcia. The bus clipped the car as both vehicles made a right turn onto Lakeshore Boulevard.

Garcia said no one claimed to be injured at the scene.

The accident's main casualty was Courtney's perfect driving record.

Earlier this year Courtney was honored with a state award for having driven a school bus for more than 30 years and more than 400,000 miles with no accident, as Lake County News previously reported.

CHP Officer Dallas Richey is investigating the accident, said Garcia, which is a requirement in school bus accidents when children are on board.

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The US Geological Survey reported that the quake occurred at 5:19 a.m. at a depth of 1.6 miles four miles northwest of The Geysers and eight miles west of Cobb.

The US Geological Survey received reports from residents who felt the quake from Santa Rosa and Cloverdale to Lakeport, and even as far away as Vacaville.

A 2.9-magnitude quake had occurred Saturday at 11:29 p.m. at a depth of less than a mile two miles west of Anderson Springs and five miles east southeast of The Geysers.

The last quake measuring in magnitude of 3.0 or above occurred Aug. 19 near Anderson Springs, according to the US Geological Survey.

A 4.4-magnitude earthquake hit the North Coast Saturday at 1:16 a.m., the US Geological Survey reported. That quake's center was in the ocean, 20 miles west of Petrolia in Humboldt County. Residents in faraway San Francisco even reported feeling that quake.

E-mail Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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LAKE COUNTY – The county faces losing a source of grant funding for addressing impacts of local casinos due to a budget cut made by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, and time is running out for legislators to restore the funding. {sidebar id=4}

The State Legislature's final budget for this year included $30,283,000 in grants to local governments from California Gambling Control Commission funds.

However, Schwarzenegger cut $30 million, leaving only $283,000 for Del Norte County, which is for funds not disbursed to the county from 2003 to 2006.

In carrying out the line-item veto, Schwarzenegger cited a Bureau of State Audits report. “ ... There is great concern regarding whether these funds are being used solely for their intended purpose, which is to mitigate the impacts of having tribal casinos in their communities. I will support legislation that includes an appropriation for mitigation funds if the process is reformed.”

“Basically, what the governor did with his veto was what is referred to as a 'set aside veto,'” H.D. Palmer, deputy director of California's Department of Finance, told Lake County News.

“It's our hope and belief that we can get a bill down from the Legislature that addresses some of the concerns that were raised in the audit,” said Palmer.

Funding has helped county buy ambulances, fix roads

County Administrative Analyst Jennifer Hammond sits on the county's local commission that disburses the funds, which is chaired by Supervisor Rob Brown.

Other commission members include Supervisor Jeff Smith, Robinson Tribal Chair Tracey Avila, Big Valley Tribal Chair Anthony Jack, Chief Deputy County Administrative Officer Matt Perry and representatives from the City of Lakeport, said Hammond.

Last year the county received $856,575, its largest amount so far, she added.

“Every year we've gotten funding, it's increased,” Hammond explained.

Middletown's Twin Pine Casino is too small so it doesn't pay into the fund, she said. Robinson Rancheria and Big Valley are the two local casinos paying in. The county withholds 2 percent to pay for administration related to the funds, Hammond added.

The funds must be used for services relating to the public and offsetting the casinos' effects on an area, which Hammond said is why a large portion of the funding has gone for roads and law enforcement.

The money has been used for city and county road repairs, staffing for District Attorney's Office positions, domestic violence prevention programs through the Department of Social Services, improvements to the Middletown swimming pool and park improvements, Hammond said.

One of the most important uses for the funds has been for safety equipment for local fire protection districts, she added.

The money has supplied a new ladder truck for Lakeport Fire Protection District, and new medical and training equipment for South Lake County Fire, she added. Many of the new ambulances at fire districts around the lake have been funded by the commission.

“This has been millions of dollars for the county,” said Hammond.

Brown, who has chaired the local funding committee since it started, said the county was able to buy a grinder for doing road work last year , and this year were planning to apply for funds to purchase a paving machine and create a cultural center on the Northshore.

Right now, Hammond said, the program has simply stopped.

If the money goes away, so does the program, she said. “There's no way our general fund can support that.”

Brown said the fact that the grant money was so easy to cut off is “an example of why that money shouldn't be used for positions.”

For several years, said Brown, the state has been trying to find ways to get the money back for its own uses, rather than the counties'. “I think every year they try to do it, but they hadn't been successful 'til now.”

The money, he added, is “just going to go to the state.”

“This is a really good source of funding,” he said. “It's money that goes directly to a project without paying for a lot of bureaucracy.”

Compact requires tribes to pay into fund

The 61 tribes who signed the Tribal-State Compacts in 1999 – including Lake County's Big Valley Rancheria, Elem, Middletown and Robinson Rancheria – are required to pay into the special distribution fund as a compact requirement. However, Elem has no casino in operation and Middletown is too small to be required to pay, said Hammond.

Also covered in the 1999 compact are other North Coast tribes including Hopland Band of Pomo Indians (Sho-Ka-Wah Casino) and the Rumsey Indian Rancheria (Cache Creek Casino).

As originally established, the Legislature can use the distribution fund for grants to address support state and local government agencies impacted by tribal government gaming – which SB 621 specially focuses on – as well as gambling addiction, compensation for regulatory costs incurred by the State Gaming Agency and the state Department of Justice in connection with the implementation and administration of the compact; among other uses.

The compact states that tribes will be consulted in the process of identifying grants to local governments.

The State Controller's Office reports show that 41 casinos in 25 counties currently pay into the fund.

State Deputy Finance Director H.D. Palmer said that, despite the program being currently in limbo, tribes must continue to pay into the state fund if their compact includes that requirement.

There's been no communication between the state and Robinson Rancheria about the possible impact of the veto, said Tribal Chair Tracey Avila of Robinson Rancheria.

“We have not been notified of any change yet,” she said.

A call to Big Valley Tribal Chair Anthony Jack was not returned.

Senator plans effort to save funding

There's still a possibility that the funding to counties might be recovered, but time for that effort is growing short.

State Sen. Jim Battin (R-La Quinta) began work last past week to get a bill to recover the funding through the State Legislature by the end of this session, Mark Reeder – Battin's Capitol office director – told Lake County News.

Battin has succeeded before in preserving the funding; Reeder said Schwarzenegger had taken $20 million out of the program last year due, again, to his concerns about how the money was being spent. Still, at that time the governor left $30 million in the program.

In March 2006, Schwarzenegger signed a Battin bill requiring counties to follow extra reporting requirements and follow specific deadlines when filing reports on the grant funding to the State Gaming Control Commission and Department of Finance, said Reeder.

The counties had been confused about what was expected of them in filing those reports, said Reeder. “We just cleared that up.”

That bill also restored the $20 million Schwarzenegger originally cut.

The special distribution fund, said Reeder, currently contains $120 million.

Reeder said the audit of the grant funding did not actually say the counties weren't spending the money correctly. They are meeting the statutory requirements, but the concern is that those requirements aren't specific enough.

Battin is now working on SB 493 to restore the $30 million cut by Schwarzenegger in this budget, said Reeder.

SB 493 is going through what Reeder called a “good old-fashioned gut and amend,” changing it from its original intent, relating to county purchasing agents and independent contractors, to address the funding cuts. Reeder said Battin received the go-ahed from the bill's original author, Sen. David Cogdill (R-Modesto).

The reworked SB 493, said Reeder, includes adopting the auditor's recommendations to clarify how the funds may be spent.

However, time is running out. According to Reeder, Battin now has less than 24 hours to get the bill amendments added and to put it to a vote on the Assembly floor before the legislative session ends. Assembly leaders have indicated they want to adjourn by Tuesday night.

“We'll have to wait until January if we don't,” said Reeder. “We'd prefer not to wait until January.”

And Reeder said Monday Battin had run into a wall with Assembly Democrats, led by Assemblyman Alberto Torrico (D-Newark), who chairs the Committee on Governmental Organization.

Reeder reported that Torrico indicated that he wants to wait until next year to review the entire formula of how funds are distributed, and that Assembly Democrats won't let a vote take place to move the bill forward.

Nor is Battin's effort getting any support out of Schwarzenegger's office, said Reeder.

“We've been trying to get traction and we're running out of time,” said Reeder.

He added, “I'm concerned about any mitigation funds getting out at all this fiscal year.”

E-mail Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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Justin Scott Vibbert, 28, of Nice was killed when his motorcycle went off Highway 20 and landed in some rocks down an embankment near Kono Tayee, according to California Highway Patrol Officer Adam Garcia.

CHP received a call reporting the crash at about 8:30 a.m., Garcia reported.

As Lake County News previously reported, CHP's investigation has so far shown that Vibbert, who was riding at a high rate of speed westbound along Highway 20, lost control while going through a curve.

Vibbert, a glass artist originally from the Midwest, had contact with the CHP over the July 4 weekend. Sheriff's logs show that he had been arrested on two felony drug possession charges and was booked into the Lake County Jail on July 5.

Garcia said the collision investigation, led by CHP Officer Brian Engle, is continuing.

E-mail Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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Lake County has some of the clearest, darkest skies in the country – perfect for stargazing! In this monthly column, we’ll talk about some of the things you can see during September nights.

Let’s start by looking at a star chart for September. The chart above is what the night sky will look like around Sept. 15 at around 9 p.m.

If you recall from last month, we mentioned the “Summer Triangle” made up of the bright stars Vega (in the constellation Lyra), Deneb (in the constellation Cygnus) and Altair (in the constellation Altair). This month, this trio of luminaries has moved directly overhead – you can see them in the star chart.

There are also four planets visible this month. Jupiter, the largest of the planets, is setting in the western sky – it’s the brightest object in that direction.

Next to Jupiter is Pluto, the “un-planet.” Up until the fall of 2006, Pluto was considered to be a planet. But this changed when the definition of the term “planet” changed, and Pluto was relegated to “dwarf planet” status. In spite of this change, we still affectionately refer to Pluto as a planet. As for viewing Pluto, you need a very large, powerful telescope, and even then, it will only appear as a faint point of light.

Pluto courtesy of NASA.

The other two visible planets are Neptune and Uranus. Both need a telescope to see. Neptune is bluish in color, and Uranus is greenish. Both appear very small through a telescope. Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus are what we term “gas giants.” They are huge balls of gas – they aren’t solid like our earth.

Neptune courtesy of www.spacetoday.org.

Uranus has a ring system similar to Saturn’s. Neptune has a beautiful blue tinted atmosphere. That beautiful color isn’t from water – it’s from methane gas, the kind of stuff cows produce (and no, there are no cattle ranches on Neptune!).

Uranus courtesy of NASA/Marshal Space Flight Center.

As for Pluto, even our most powerful telescopes take pictures that reveal very little detail, as shown in the photo at the left. Pluto is just too small and too far away to reveal very much.

To learn more about Lake County Skies in September, and to observe these objects through a telescope, visit Taylor Observatory (www.taylorobservatory.org) on Saturday, Sept. 15, from 8 to 11 p.m. This month’s observatory theme is “Global Warming – is Man destined to end up like the dinosaur?” After a presentation about global warming, there will be a planetarium show, followed by telescope viewing.

John Zimmerman has been an amateur astronomer for 50 years. He is a member of the Taylor Observatory staff, where, among his many duties, he helps create planetarium shows.

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Fourteen of the 24 Lake County schools with performance growth targets met them for the 2006-07 school year, according to the California Department of Education.

State Superintendent of Public Instruction Jack O'Connell on Aug. 31 released California's 2007 Accountability Progress Report (APR) that is comprised of the state Academic Performance Index (API), the federal Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP), and the federal Program Improvement (PI).

Looking at recent test scores, O'Connell said he noted “a general leveling off after steady gains in student achievement over the past five years.” The APR, which he said is a compilation of schools and districts that are meeting academic performance targets, is consistent with student performance on the annual assessments.

That leveling off, said O'Connell, shouldn't be misinterpreted as an overall decline in student or school performance. “It is important that we not lose sight of the significant gains that our students and our schools have made,” he said.

O'Connell said these results reflect significant achievement gains by our lowest-performing students, and significant gains by African American, Hispanic, and English learner subgroups.

Lake County's 40 public schools include several special education centers and continuation schools not required to meet growth targets for the API report.

Overall, 24 county schools must meet it, and 14 of them did this year, compared to 11 that met the standards last year.

In the 2004-05 school year, 16 Lake County schools met their growth targets; 15 did so in the 2003-04 academic year.

The API is a numeric index that ranges from a low of 200 to a high of 1000. The 2006 results established the current baseline and academic growth targets for each school's academic performance, according to O'Connell's report.

Statewide, the median API score grew from 745 last year to 751 in 2007, and the percentage of schools at or above the performance target of 800 grew by just 1 percentage point, from 30 percent to 31 percent. The percentage of schools meeting all API targets decreased from 53 percent in 2005-06 to 45 percent in 2006-07.

Only three Lake County schools this year had an API score above the 800-point performance target: Riviera Elementary, 810; Cobb Mountain Elementary, 842; and Coyote Valley Elementary, 810.

A school's school-wide annual growth target is set at 5 percent of the difference between the school's base API and the statewide performance target of 800 with a minimum target of 5 points, the Department of Education reported.

Both the API and AYP are based on statewide assessment results, including the Standardized Testing and Reporting (STAR) Program and California High School Exit Examination (CAHSEE), which the Department of Education released last month.

The Department of Education noted that AYP results show that 66 percent of schools met AYP requirements, unchanged from last year. However, the percentage of local educational agencies (LEAs) making AYP fell from 64 percent in 2006 to 53 percent in 2007.

Beginning next year, it's going to become increasingly difficult to meet these progress targets, the Department of Education reported. That's because AYP targets will rise steeply for the next six years to meet the current federal requirements of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act.

Schools have an opportunity to review their data and make corrections. AYP, API, and PI reports will be finalized in February 2008.

To see a complete list of reports, visit www.cde.ca.gov and click on “Accountability Progress Reporting.”

E-mail Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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The Department of Labor filed the lawsuit in November 2004 against Local 38 of the United Association of Plumbers, Pipefitters and Journeymen, whose Convalescent Trust Fund, Lakeside Haven, has owned Konocti Harbor since 1959.

Labor Secretary Elaine Chao alleged that Local 38 had used pension funds “imprudently” by investing millions in the operation of Konocti Harbor.

James P. Baker of the San Francisco-based Jones Day law firm was the lead attorney for Local 38 in the suit.

“Everybody is happy to have this dispute resolved and it was resolved amicably,” said Baker.

He added, “My clients didn't admit they did anything wrong and I don't think they did anything wrong.”

Baker said the underlying lawsuit was specifically related to whether or not the union should have invested in Konocti Harbor.

“That's going to prove out to be a pretty good deal,” said Baker.

As part of the settlement, Local 38 agreed to appoint WhiteStar Advisors LLC as an independent fiduciary to oversee the resort's sale, said Baker.

WhiteStar, he said, “had been working for us for over two years by the time of the settlement” on the resort sale. “We were already doing the right thing.”

Baker said Local 38 decided to sell the resort in the last few years.

“The thrill was gone from being in lawsuits with the Department of Labor,” which Baker said have been ongoing since 1979.

Baker said the Department of Labor has investigated Local 38 five times about the same question – whether or not Konocti Harbor was a good investment for the pension funds.

It was in everyone's best interest to settle the case, said Baker, adding that the union felt it had a number of good defenses.

Baker joined Local 38 not long before this current lawsuit was filed, he said.

Lawrence Mazzola Sr., son of labor leader Joe Mazzola, remains the union's business manager, but will resign as a pension fund trustee by year's end as a condition of the settlement, as will most of the other trustees, said Baker.

Lawrence Mazzola Jr. and another trustee are the only two being allowed to stay on as trustees, which was “one of the big bones of contention,” said Baker. The two men must undergo fiduciary training in order to continue in their trustee capacity, according to the settlement terms.

If and when Konocti Harbor sells, Baker said Local 38 will still have a presence in the county. “They're going to keep about 10 acres on the lake for a kids camp and recreation area,” he said.

Labor Department describes its role

Wayne Berry, one of the Department of Labor attorneys on the case, said he and colleagues Peter Doland and Megan Guenther took over for a retiring attorney who had originally been assigned the lawsuit.

Berry said the Department of Labor had sued Joe Mazzola and many of the other pension fund trustees in the early 1970s not long after the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) was established. That law is meant to oversee how retirement plans are managed.

That original lawsuit, said Berry, was for loan-type transactions, and was not directly related to Konocti Harbor.

In that case, he said, Local 38 hired a doctor to do a feasibility study for a spa at Konocti Harbor. The union borrowed against the resort to get a loan to pay for the study.

It came out at trial that the doctor had no ability to do a feasibility study of how worthwhile it would be to add a spa to the resort, said Berry.

The 2004 lawsuit settled recently didn't involve loans but undocumented, unsecured transfers of cash from Local 38's pension fund to its Lakeside Haven Convalescent Trust Fund, which owns Konocti Harbor.

Berry said there have only been the two lawsuits between the Department of Labor and Local 38 relating to pension plans, although the government has investigated the union on other occasions.

The 1970s lawsuit went on for some time, said Berry. “After we won at trial they appealed at the Ninth Circuit.”

The case eventually went to the Supreme Court, where Local 38 lost the case, Berry said.

Fund was suffering annual losses

Berry said Local 38 needed to show that its investment in Konocti Harbor followed ERISA's rules for prudent use of pension plan money.

The Convalescent Trust Fund's operations, including Konocti Harbor, usually lost about half a million dollars a year, said Berry. Department of Labor spokesperson Gloria Della added that the Convalescent Trust Fund itself was not an ERISA fund.

The lawsuit alleged Local 38 had transferred $36 million from the pension funds to the Convalescent Fund for Konocti Harbor's operations and improvement.

Guenther said the Department of Labor's investigation found that between 1994 and 2004 the union had transferred a total of $54 million to the Convalescent Trust Fund.

“One of the big problems in this case is it's so hard to track that stuff down because there were no records,” Berry said.

While Local 38 has hired WhiteStar to sell the property, Berry pointed out, “The consent order itself does not have any language that says the resort must be sold.”

The Department of Labor doesn't have the power to make that demand, he said.

However, he added, “Part of the recovery that the ERISA plan is going to get is the proceeds of the sale,” which is the only asset the union has to make up the money.

Local 38 also will be reimbursed for a $4 million loan it made to the Convalescent Trust Fund in 2000, when the Convalescent Trust Fund was hit with a foreclosure action on a loan for which Konocti Harbor was the security, Berry explained.

Berry said numerous appraisals of the resort were completed for the lawsuit, with the main one used for the trial in the $11 million to $13 million range.

Court documents show that Page Mill Properties of Palo Alto is a possible buyer for the property. The possible purchase price, the documents report, is $25 million.

Berry said he felt the case moved through the courts in a normal, even quick manner. The more than $500,000 Local 38 was required to pay the government was a civil penalty established by statute, he said.

Della said that, as a general rule, the Department of Labor doesn't point to any one source for the basis of an investigation like this one. Rather, she said, cases are derived from a variety of sources, including informal and random looks at ERISA funds and concerns from people who administer the plans.

However, in the Local 38 suit, the case was referred to the Department of Labor by the Internal Revenue Service. Court documents Della referenced show that the IRS began an audit of Local 38's pension plan in November 1999, when it referred the plan for investigation of possible fiduciary breaches.

E-mail Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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Rattlesnakes and ground squirrels contend with each other as predator and prey. Courtesy photo.

Rattlesnakes do not have it easy. Although they have evolved a characteristic ‘rattling’ warning system to advertise their dangerous venomous bites, these snakes are so feared and hated by humans they are often killed on sight. And, if their situation could not get any worse, Northern Pacific rattlesnakes also have to contend with their favorite prey item – California ground squirrels.

Rattlesnakes and ground squirrels co-occurred millions of years ago, leading to an ancient and intimate predator-prey relationship. Currently, there are about 30 species of ground squirrels in the western US and, for those in rattlesnake habitat, evolving methods to evade these rattlesnake predators was a strong source of natural selection.

In particular, California ground squirrels have evolved an amazing array of anti-rattlesnake behavior and physiology. Back in the 1940s naturalists noted some strange behavior in California ground squirrels – they would go straight up to rattlesnakes, waving their tails and kicking up dust. These naturalists knew that ground squirrels made up almost seventy percent of the northern pacific rattlesnake diet, so why would these prey animals put themselves into harm’s way?

Professor Donald H. Owings at UC Davis and his colleagues managed to explain this puzzling behavior and found that California ground squirrels are actually resistant to rattlesnake venom. Thus the danger of succumbing to a rattlesnake bite does not exist; at least for adult ground squirrels.

Juvenile ground squirrels were shown not to have enough of the venom resistance protein needed to survive a snake bite. This created a unique predator-prey relationship: rattlesnakes could kill and eat young ground squirrels but not the adults.

However, adult female ground squirrels are very protective of their pups and have evolved a sophisticated alarm call system to warn other squirrels of impending danger: a high pitched whistle to warn of aerial predators and a chattering call for terrestrial predators. But these alarm calls might also communicate to predators that they have been spotted and their ambush tactics will fail.

The calls do not, however, work against rattlesnakes. Rattlesnakes have amazing visual and chemosensory systems and can even perceive temperature changes – but they cannot hear. Thus ground squirrel adults attempting to protect their young by calling at a snake will not be heard. So, instead of an audible warning, ground squirrels have apparently keyed in on the rattlesnake’s most sensitive sensory organs – visual, infrared, and olfactory.

When a rattlesnake is discovered, ground squirrels will approach cautiously, bobbing their heads up and down to size up the snake and waving their long tails back and forth – termed ‘tail-flagging’ – the visual equivalent of an alarm call. Snakes seeing this motion are being told they have been spotted. In addition, recent studies by our research group have demonstrated that ground squirrels can actually heat up their tails during rattlesnake encounters, creating an infrared beacon to further get their message across.

Once the ground squirrel has moved closer, they begin ‘substrate throwing,’ flinging dirt and causing the snake to rattle. This behavior by the squirrel is not just to antagonize the snake, it turns out that the squirrel can determine how big and how warm the rattlesnake is by the frequency of its rattle. A large, warm snake is more dangerous than a small, cold one since warm rattlesnakes move faster and larger snakes have a stronger strike.

These harassment tactics are also thought to drive the snake out of the area and away from the younger and more vulnerable squirrels.

Ground squirrels cannot always be on the alert, however, especially at night when they are asleep in their burrows and when rattlesnakes seem to prefer to hunt. Nevertheless, there is some recent evidence that they have evolved yet another unique defense mechanism.

When California ground squirrels, particularly adult females and juveniles, come across a rattlesnake skin or a patch of grass where a rattlesnake has been resting, they chew on the snake-scented substance and apply it to their fur by licking their bodies. Why would they do this? Finding the answer to this question became the focus of my PhD research.

We had three hypotheses. First, the squirrel may fool predators sniffing around a burrow by smelling like a rattlesnake instead of a squirrel. Second, the predator scent may cause other ground squirrels to leave the area and not compete for food. Finally, applying scent to their bodies might repel the ground squirrels major parasite – fleas.

In a series of experiments, we found that ground squirrel scent mixed with rattlesnake scent reduced rattlesnake foraging behavior but had no effect on ground squirrels or fleas. Therefore, a sleeping adult female ground squirrel and her young might prevent a hungry rattlesnake from entering their burrow at night by applying snake scent to their bodies.

Even with all their defenses, rattlesnakes still get their fill of ground squirrel juveniles and, over millions of years, have not become endangered by these anti-snake tactics. Many rattlesnake species across the country are, however, threatened by humans.

As urban development and agriculture move into rattlesnake habitat, there is an increase in human encounters with rattlesnakes. Due to the fear and hatred felt for these snake species, humans often reflexively kill “rattlers,” including at organized events, or ‘rattlesnake roundups’ at which snakes are killed by starvation, crushing, skinning or other cruel and often horrifying ways in a public setting.

Though caution is appropriate when in an area where rattlesnakes can be found, rattlesnakes are not aggressive and will normally prefer to stay out of sight, and even rattle to warn about their presence. In fact, medical research shows that most rattlesnake bites are caused when a human picked up or provoked a rattlesnake.

If you encounter a rattlesnake in the field, respect its space, and if you find one in your yard think twice before killing it and instead about how you could change your behavior so you and the rattlesnake can safely coexist.

Barbara Clucas is a PhD student in the Animal Behavior Graduate Group at UC Davis and has been studying rattlesnakes and ground squirrels for 5 years. Tuleyome Tales is brought to you by: Tuleyome, a local non-profit working to protect both our wild heritage and our agricultural heritage for future generations. Past Tuleyome Tales articles are available in the library section of their website. www.tuleyome.org.

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In a statement issued following Petraeus' testimony before Congress, Thompson called the general's report “just a thinly guised veil of President Bush’s routine excuses for continuing war. While his intentions may be good, the general only confirms my belief that redeployment should begin immediately.”

Thompson, a Vietnam veteran, has been a vocal critic of the war since before it began.

“After nearly five years in Iraq, it is abundantly clear that the Iraqi government will not take responsibility for securing its country as long as our troops are doing it for them,” Thompson said. “Just this January, President Bush said that with the support of 30,000 more U.S. troops, the Iraqi government planned to secure their county by this November.”

Thompson cited a General Accounting Office report released just last week that finds that the Iraqi government is nowhere close to controlling their country. “Even worse, another recent report on the Iraqi security forces found that the Iraqi police force and the agency that oversees it are overrun with corruption and sectarianism,” he said.

Thompson quoted Bush who stated in January that if the Iraqi government didn't make progress, it would lose the support of the American people.

“I believe the American people have lost faith in the Iraqi government and in President Bush’s failed strategies,” Thompson continued. “For our own safety and that of the Iraqi people, we need a new direction in Iraq – one that puts our resources into finding a diplomatic strategy for quelling the violence in Iraq and rooting out terrorism both in Iraq and around the globe.

“We are far beyond envisioning our troops home, as General Petraeus has implied,” said Thompson. “The American people want to see all of their troops home as soon as possible, period.”

In order to begin that new direction, Thompson recently introduced HR 3071, which calls for redeployment of troops out of Iraq to begin immediately, while simultaneously requiring the president to work with the United Nations to implement a region-wide strategy for containing Iraq’s civil war.

On Jan. 31 Thompson introduced another bill in Congress – HR 787, the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007, which also was meant to bring U.S. troops home from Iraq.

HR787 was the House companion to SB 433, introduced by Sen. Barack Obama. It set a troop deployment deadline of March 31, 2008.

The bill has remained in committee since March, when the House Foreign Affairs Committee held hearings on HR 787.

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Motorcycles lined up at Saturday's Scorchin' Torch Poker Run. Photo by Harold LaBonte.

NICE – Riders brought out their bikes for a good cause on Saturday, as Lake County Special Olympics hosted the fourth annual Scorchin' Torch Poker Run to benefit its spirited young athletes.

Event coordinator Kristina Navarro reported that 126 riders participated in the 83-mile, five-stop course around the lake, which began in the morning at Robinson Rancheria Resort and Casino.

Also on scene were California Highway Patrol Officer Adam Garcia and CHP Commander Lt. Dane Hayward. Hayward was a civilian for the event and a participant in the ride.

Cash prizes and gift certificates were donated by more than two dozen Lake County businesses, Navarro reported.

As a result of the excellent turnout more than $4,500 was raised to help 120 Lake County Special Olympics athletes, according to Navarro.

E-mail Harold La Bonte at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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The CHP controls traffic as they move onto Highway 20. Photo by Harold LaBonte.

CHP Officer Adam Garcia mans the CHP pavilion with two of CHP's best motorcycles. Photo by Harold LaBonte.

Emergency crews fighting fires in the Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness have set up an incident base camp at the Paskenta Community Park where the Nome Cult gathering was previously scheduled to be held. The Nome Cult gathering has been moved to the nearby Elkins Elementary School, 2960 Elkins Road, in Paskenta. All times and activities remain the same as previously announced.

Next week, on Saturday afternoon, Sept. 15, the Round Valley Indian Tribes will sponsor a gathering at the Round Valley Reservation in Covelo to mark the completion of the 12th annual retracing of the original 100-mile trek.

Descendants of Native Americans who took part in the original relocation and other supporters will walk all the way from Chico to Covelo starting Sunday, Sept. 9, descending down into Round Valley on Sept. 15.

The theme for the walk and gatherings is "Honor Their Memory … A Path Not Forgotten." All events are free and are open to the public.

The Paskenta gathering will begin at 10 a.m. Saturday, Sept. 8, at the Paskenta Community Park with a program of historical presentations, followed by musical performances and a lunch. During the afternoon there will be performances by Native American dancers and singers, cultural demonstrations, and information on Passport in Time (PIT) excavations at sites on the Mendocino National Forest. Native American arts and crafts vendors will participate. Throughout the day there will be horseshoe and softball tournaments.

At the Covelo event, there will be presentations by the walkers and a meal, starting at about 3 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 15, at the Tribal Building, 77826 Covelo Road. From Sept. 9 through 15 the walkers will retrace the original trail, camping out each night along the way. The tribes welcome the public to join them for all or any part of the walk and for the gathering in Covelo on Saturday afternoon.

The National Forest requests that people traveling the forest roads along the trail route be careful of the walkers to ensure their safety.

The removal of Indians from Chico to the Nome Cult Reservation in 1863 is one of the many forced relocations following the establishment of reservations in Northern California in the 1850s. Several different tribes were moved to the Nome Cult Reservation after it was established in Round Valley in 1856.

In September 1863, 461 Indians were marched under guard from Chico to the Nome Cult Reservation, nearly 100 miles across the Sacramento Valley and rugged North Coast Ranges. Only 277 Indians completed the journey. Some were killed, a few escaped, and others were left behind, too sick to go on.

Although the path itself has disappeared, this route is now called the Nome Cult Trail. The most grueling part of the trail passed through what is now the Mendocino National Forest. The Forest Service has marked places where the Indians and their military escorts camped by placing interpretive signs along the route. The Forest Service has also prepared a free brochure and trail map which is available from Mendocino National Forest offices for persons who may want to travel the route.

This year the walkers, many of whom are descendants of those who made the trek in 1863, will begin west of Chico at at the Irvine Finch Park at River Road and State Highway 32 at 6 a.m. on Sunday, Sept. 9. They will walk west on State Highway 32 and camp at the Buckhorn Campground at Black Butte Lake the first night. For the remainder of the week they will walk across the Mendocino National Forest, following the Nome Cult Trail.

Their planned schedule is:

• Monday, Sept. 10, camp at Paskenta (evening gathering at Grindstone Rancheria).

• Tuesday, Sept. 11, camp at Black Bear Campground.

• Wednesday, Sept. 12, camp at Log Springs.

• Thursday, Sept. 13, camp at Wells Cabin Campground.

• Friday, Sept. 14, camp at Eel River Campground.

• Saturday, Sept. 15, walk into Round Valley.

The Round Valley Tribes will welcome the walkers with a gathering and potluck dinner at the Tribal Administration Building in Covelo on Saturday afternoon, Sept. 15.

For further information on the September 8 Paskenta event, please contact Kim Freeman, Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians at (530) 680-3842; or Phebe Brown at the Mendocino National Forest, (530) 934-3316, TTY (530) 934-7724. For further information on the Covelo event and the re-enactment walk, please contact Alberta Azbill at (707) 983-6126, Rema Lincoln at (707) 983-6188, EXT 30, at Round Valley Tribes; or Arlene Ward, Chico Mechoopda Tribe, at (530) 899-8922.

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